Технический партворк как поликодовый текст: лингвистический и методический аспекты

Abstract

В статье исследуются партворки - серийные коллекционные издания научно-популярного или развлекательного характера. В конце ХХ века они оформились как самостоятельный сегмент мировой системы медиа, пользуются широкой популярностью читательской аудитории, но недостаточно исследованы в лингвистическом отношении.

The paper deals with partworks, i.e. popular scientific or entertaining collectable serial magazines. At the end of the 20th century, they became an independent segment of the global media and gained in popularity, but they have never been in the focus of linguists' attention. Partworks' typological classification of E.N. Iliina and Y.N. Dracheva includes technical partworks as a publication of a closed collection type with the precedent focus on a technical item (e.g. a car, a ship, an airplane) and the main activity of a model construction type described by A.P. Iliin. Technical partworks' content is characterized as a polycode text, which combines various kinds of visual signs (e.g. inscriptions, drawings, diagrams, illustrations, and photographs) with tactile signs (e.g. model details, materials, and instruments). The linguistic basis of partworks is a "profane" unoriginal text of unidentified authorship, in which various aspects of human knowledge are adopted for the perception of a mass audience. Partworks' texts have such distinctive features as a simplified, schematic, superficial, and biased presentation of main themes, a very liberated use of the original texts as a precedent textual basis of partworks (e.g. research on the history of technology, technical manuals on assembling and operating mechanisms), and an expressive language of verbal illustrations. At the same time, partworks' texts have a didactic potential, because they involve readers in technology, develop technical thinking and professional erudition, and contribute to the formation of patriotism. In the paper, Dvenadtsat' Apostolov partwork (DeAgostini, 2013) is described in detail. This collection constists of 120 issues and it is aimed to build a model of one of the largest sailing ships (1841). The partwork texts create the image of the European military history, and have a manipulative impact in treating the wooden model of a Russian sailboat as a collectable object.